It has been proven that high blood pressure is the result of arterial sclerosis and the cause of serious heart disease.People with increased indicators are diagnosed with arterial hypertension.Due to the narrowing of the ship that has lost its elasticity, there is an increase in pressure in others.This slows down blood circulation and increases the burden on the liver.
The norm and pathology of blood pressure
The optimal blood pressure is a tonometer value of 120/80 mm.Rt.Art.Pressure is considered to increase when the stable artery indicator exceeds the comfort of a 10%comfortable norm.
Temporary changes in blood pressure, difference during the day is a common occurrence.
| A level of hypertension | Sistolical indicator (park), mm.Rt.Art. | Diastolic indicator (dad), mm.Rt.Art. |
|---|---|---|
| Optimal blood pressure | 120 | 80 |
| Norm | From 120 to 130 | From 80 to 85 |
| Prevention | From 130 to 140 | From 85 to 90 |
| GB 1 level (soft hypertension) | From 140 to 160 | From 90 to 100 |
| GB Level 2 (Medium) | From 160 to 180 | From 100 to 110 |
| GB 3 levels | More than 180 | More than 110 |
| Isag (isolated systolic artery hypertension | More than 140 | Less than 90 |
Why is someone dangerous in someone?
Early symptoms of increased stress: weakness, slight dizziness, poor sleep, flies before the eye is taken by a person for signs of fatigue, which determines the development of hypertension without medical treatment.
If you leave the situation without attention, the serious consequences of high pressure are inevitable, one can wait:
- infark;
- stroke;
- acute heart failure;
- pulmonary thromboembolism;
- stratification or aortic gap.
In the final stages of the disease, deadly results are possible.A very severe form of disease is malignant hypertension.It is diagnosed in one of two hundred patients, more often - men.The disease does not stop anywhere -medicines, medications even worsen the patient's condition.Someone "burns" for six months due to complications.
Hypertension risk factors
High blood pressure is closely related to risk factors that can be individual, or external (obtained).
| Individual risk factors | Factors of external causing |
|---|---|
| Genetic tendency: If both parents experience hypertension, the disease develops in children in more than 50% of cases (the risk of hypertension in children, whose parents have normal blood pressure -no more than 20%) | Alimentary: atherogenic profile diet with a large number of saturated fatty acids (sausages, smoked meats, cakes, chocolate, snacks), daily use of a large number of salts (over 5 g) |
| Age: increased pressure grows at 15% - 50 to 60 years old, in 30% - from 60 to 70, 40% over 70 | Smoking-it has been proven that it is from nicotine that blood pressure increases: stroke and heart attack in smokers occur 2-3 times more often than non-smokers |
| Paul: The prevalence of arterial hypertension under the age of 40 in men is much higher than women, then the difference is smooth | Excessive consumption of coffee daily harms blood vessels, causing their cramps and increases pressure automatically |
| Obesity: The dependence between body mass and blood pressure level is a straight line.Plus 10 kg increases the systolic indicator by 2-3 units, and diastolic-can be 1-3. In obese people, hypertension occurs 2-6 times more frequently (in 78% of men and 64% of women, arterial hypertension is due to excess weight), weight loss leads to a decrease in pressure |
Causes of increased stresses are stress, hard work, recurrent negative emotions, psycho -overloads, mental hard work |
| Features -Personal Features: Easy to Reduce Nervous System, High -Story, Suspension, Disclosure | Inactive lifestyle: in hypodynamics, the risk of arterial hypertension is 25% higher than physically active or trained (physical activity during labor activity increases blood pressure, and reduces during rest) |
| Race: African Americans, especially women, fall on risk groups | Alcohol - destroys the liver, violates the metabolic process, negatively affects the tone of the blood vessels (toxins) |
People who are exposed to hypertension need to remind you from where the pressure is still increasing, these are: irregular working days, night shifts, professional harm, frequent climate change, time zones.
The main reason for increasing blood pressure
Together -with a provocative or background in which hypertension occurs, high pressure causes specific causes that can be physiological or pathological.
| Physiological | Pathology |
|---|---|
| Pregnancy | Cloud-fractured injuries |
| Taking drugs: NSAIDs, diuretics, narcotic substances, hormone contraceptives | Disruption of kidney function, heart, brain, liver |
| Hormone background changes: puberty, menopause, menstruation | Somatic disease, the focus of chronic infection |
| Characteristics -Anatomic features of the human body structure | Vsd |
| Insomnia from any of the genesis | Dislipidemia and increase the content of uric acid levels |
| Have an elevator | Diabetes |
| Mete -sensitivity | Tumor |
| For a long time untreated migraine | Thrombosis or vascular embolism |
| Hot sauna or bathroom | Osteochondrosis |
Symptoms and signs of arterial hypertension
With increased pressure, one begins to feel uncomfortable, the first signs that become:
- headache, feeling squeeze the temple with a loop;
- The feeling that the head is "stale";
- dizzy;
- noise in the ear, flickering -flies in front of the eyes;
- unpleasant sensations behind the sternum;
- Disadvantages;
- sleep disorders.
The early symptoms of this hypertension.Someone takes increased blood pressure for hard work, fatigue.Without treatment, the condition gradually enters Labil's border or hypertension, characterized by pressure fluctuations, such as pendulum.It happens at different ages and can:
- Youth;
- neurotic;
- menopause;
- alcohol;
- sports;
- professional.
Its main feature is considered as:
- Increased episodic of blood pressure from 140/90 to 160/95 (in the United States and the European Union - from 130/85 to 140/90) and never goes beyond this border;
- stress -free normalization without additional intervention;
- Lack of changes in target organs: heart, kidneys, brain, bleeding vessels;
- Reliable symptomatic (secondary) hypertension.
High arterial pressure without attention will be the main cause of hypertension.It is characterized by the following symptoms:
- Visual sharpness violations;
- disorders in cardiac work with acute pain behind the sternum;
- Cheek shot, hot sensation throughout the body;
- cold members with loss of sensitivity, numbness;
- Narbating;
- fatigue, dissatisfaction;
- Tachycardia;
- Temple pulse;
- sweating or internal conversion;
- Pastiness;
- anxiety;
- feelings of complete emptiness, powerless;
- Premurox, faint;
- muscle cramps;
- Arm and leg tremors.
Increased pressure in pregnant women has its own manifestation, these are:
- sharp deterioration in well -being;
- pain in the back of the head;
- lid in front of the eyes;
- noise in the ear;
- vomiting;
- high temperature;
- red face;
- nasal bleeding;
- Heavy on the feet.
Any sign or symptoms suggest tonometry and are timely looking for a doctor.
What to do if pressure has increased?
High pressure left unattended can lead to fatal and fatal complications: cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular deficiency, chronic kidney disease.
Consider what to do at home if hell has risen:
- to help one find an easy break to relax (as good as half, on high pillows);
- Ensure complete peace (no sound, no irritating light, no movement);
- Open windows - oxygen flow;
- Prepare a hot foot bath and, when stabilizing the number of blood pressure, lowering the legs for 10 minutes, which will provide blood flow from the head, improving well -being;
- With increased pressure, you can put mustard behind the head or caviar for 5-15 minutes, making compress from apple cider vinegar to the feet;
- relax in a chair or in a chair, straighten your back, inhal with your nose, breathe with your mouth (5 times);
- You can tap high pressure behind you: on the extinguisher, you need to stop your breathing for 2 seconds, which within 5 minutes normalize the emotional background, reduce blood pressure to 30 units, watch the video below;
- Acupuncture points below the ear or half centimeters towards the nose, as well as the point between the eyebrows, may be in the nose.
Without a doctor, hope only for himself, taking any medicine is unacceptable.
Medication
They are prescribed by doctors for chronic hypertension, when pressure is 160/90 and higher, individual tight, correlated with the cause of hypertension and the nature of its travel.
| A group of drugs | The mechanism of action |
|---|---|
| Ace blockers | Prevents vasoconstrictive enzymes |
| Diuretic | Excess fluid removes, offset the amount of circulating blood |
| Calcium antagonists | Calcium ions are not associated with protein needed for normal myocardial function |
| Beta blockers | Reduce heart rate, blood pressure (cannot be used for diabetes and asthma) |
| Alpha blockers | Initial reduces stress |
| Vasodilators | Expand the ship, remove the cramps |
| Angiotensin-2 antagonists | Block kidney angiotensin, narrowing the vessel |
The possibility of complications
As pressure increases, this requires harmful disorders of the body:
- arrhythmia from various genesis;
- Tachycardia;
- hypoxia, tissue and organ ischemia;
- arterial stenosis, capillaries;
- violations of aldosterone synthesis with the development of edema, increasing the volume of circulating blood;
- reduction in kidney function;
- the development of atherosclerosis;
Merbs in the metabolic system eventually lead to an acute state of life (heart attack, stroke, acute heart failure).
Prevention
Doctors will help create individual programs for high pressure prevention, the main events are as follows:
- Weight control (per + 1 kg increases blood pressure by several units);
- balanced diet;
- rejection of bad habits;
- physical activity;
- Proper replacement of rest and work;
- Good sleep;
- Positive atmosphere every day.
Parents recommend sanatorium-resort treatment.